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When the Sun Sleeps: Winter Solstice in Asia (Part Three)

Across Asia, winter-solstice folklore treats the longest night as a test of humility and endurance. From Siberia’s frost bull to Japan’s snow spirits and Korea’s red-bean rituals, these traditions frame cold as a force to respect, not conquer, and renewal as something you earn.

Before electric light banished the shadows, winter across the colder reaches of Asia was a time for vigilance and reverence. The Winter Solstice—the year’s longest night—was more than an astronomical marker; it was a reminder of nature’s power and the fragile balance between survival and oblivion. Winter Solstice in Asia is looked at differently.

In many regions, stories emerged to give shape to the cold: spirits, demons, and deities who ruled when the world froze. Some brought famine, others discipline, and a few offered protection through ritual and respect. These myths were not merely superstition; they were survival guides, moral codes, and poetic reflections of human resilience. In this continuation, specific traditions will also be observed.

Though much of Asia does not celebrate Christmas, winter remains a time for remembrance, purification, and renewal—the same primal emotions that inspired Europe’s own solstice monsters.

Chysh Khan
(Sakha / Yakut Republic, Siberia)

To the Yakut people of Siberia, Chysh Khan—the “Bull of Winter”—emerges from the Arctic Ocean as the cold’s living spirit. His breath freezes rivers, his hooves mark the frost, and his retreat brings spring. Even the horns have meaning: his first horn represents the great frost and second the deep cold.

Today, he’s celebrated in Yakutian winter festivals as a personification of endurance, a being both feared and honoured. In the world’s coldest inhabited lands, he remains a god of survival.

Further reading: The Bull of Winter According to Tourism.arctic-Russia

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Winter Solstice Legends: So Who Rules Them All? (Part Two)

Before Christmas and commerce, the winter solstice legends included more than the usual creatures that go bump in the night. From Krampus to the Yule Cat—there’s many more who flit in the night, to celebrate winter’s dual nature: cruel yet cleansing, dark but also full of renewal.

Winter Solstice Legends - Holiday Horror 2025 Edition No list can ever be complete without mention of the first entry who—at least in terms of media appeal—pulls the reins. Out of all the darker Winter Solstice Legends, Krampus has become the most acknowledged in modern Western pop culture! Whether he is parodied or turned into a true icon of terror, the purpose varies.

That’s because of his allure and how media has embraced him as an icon for those who don’t really celebrate the modern-day notion of Christmas or just want to be anti-establishment. But there are others who exist alongside him, whom we will explore in a separate article. They all get acknowledged, whether locally or in different regions around the world.

Belsnickel
(Germany / Pennsylvania Dutch)

Belsnickel

Clad in tattered furs, Belsnickel visits before Christmas carrying a whip and sweets. He tests children’s manners, rewarding the polite and chastising the rude. In North America, he remains part of Pennsylvania Dutch custom, a rustic, moral counterpoint to Santa Claus. As for why he’s such a fixture in this part of the United States, the best way to find out is either to go there to witness events yourself, or….

Further reading: Christmas in Pennsylvania by Alfred Shoemaker, or this report on Pennlive.com.

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Winter Solstice Legends. Exploring Their Wild Magic and Legendary Status (Part One)

Holiday Horror and Winter Solstice Legends Long before malls blared carols and Santa slid down chimneys, winter belonged to stranger things. From the shadowed Alps to the frozen fjords, there are other entities said to roam the land. Throughout Europe, some were mortal, others were spirits, and maybe one or two were fae. These Winter Solstice Legends existed in legend and folklore as a friend to Saint Nick, or perhaps served as a gentle reminder of Winter’s power, or perhaps why one must be kind to others!

As avatars of them perform in festivals, their true presence manifests in the songs and stories told over the warm fire. Whether in the comfort of a home or in camp, just what’s revealed keeps some thoughts safe. And in what I hope is a comprehensive list, what I offer is what I’ve learned so far about these legends.

The Caganer
(Catalonia, Spain)

Often hidden in plain sight, the Caganer turns the act of searching into part of the ritual; finding him is said to bring luck, while failing to include him invites misfortune or poor crops. His origins likely trace back to 17th- and 18th-century Catalonia, when peasant realism and earthy humour seeped into religious art as a quiet counterbalance to idealised piety.

By squatting at the margins of the holy scene, he affirms that divinity does not float above daily life but is embedded within it, bodily, messily, and without shame. In this sense, the Caganer functions as a solstice figure in disguise, anchoring cosmic renewal to manure, labour, and the cycles of the land. Modern versions depicting politicians, celebrities, and pop-culture icons extend the joke further, democratising the sacred moment and reminding everyone, saint and sinner alike, that nature makes equals of us all.

Futher Reading: BBC Report: Catalonia’s Beloved Scatological Christmas Custom

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In The Damned, Surviving Winter is Never Kind

Sometimes, being in the right mood helps make The Damned all the more haunting, and with regular cold nights being the norm for this reviewer, it’s certainly very chilling!

Available on Amazon Prime

The best way to experience Thordur Palsson’s The Damned is to turn off the heat! Whether at the theatre, where it continues to play, or at home, this wonderfully eerie film delivers solid chills when the viewing environment is perfect! That way, viewers can feel the cold as it settles. At the time, I had the temperature unintentionally dialed low.

In this remote 19th century village, Eva (Odessa Young) is now in charge and works hard to keep the fishermen from deserting. She was a wife to a fisherman who unfortunately perished in a shipwreck during their last fishing journey. While I’m not entirely sure how many people live in this hamlet, I suspect that the initial bunch of twenty something dwindled down to eight by the time this movie starts, and pretty soon, even those people are dying because there’s no food left.

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A Matter of Faith in The Seer and the Unseen

null By Ed Sum
(The Vintage Tempest)

Screened at the Victoria Film Festival 2020
For upcoming presentations, please click here.

Belief in elves, or even leprechauns, all depends on where you’re raised. In some countries, they simply exist and you don’t want to piss them off. The Seer and the Unseen looks deep into Icelandic tradition to understand our relationship with these hidden folk, the land and modernization. The Huldufólk lives with us; just because not everyone can commune with them doesn’t mean disrespecting them.

The plot is simple. A road is needed and it cuts through a swath of ancient lava rock in the outskirts of Reykjavik. Four different protest groups gathered to say we cannot destroy it since it represents more than our past. It’s a life vein of Gaia, and elves live here. In greater context, belief in spirits is not restricted to one culture. This film is excellent in how just a bit of dialogue connects with other cultures. The belief of elves in Iceland is no different than those who follow the ways of Shinto or even those of First Nations–where spirits reside within Nature everywhere.

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On Elves in Pop Culture & Uvic’s Beck Lecture Series Celebrating 30 Years

Elves By Ed Sum
(The Vintage Tempest)

The Beck Lecture series at the University of Victoria (located in British Columbia, Canada) celebrated 30 years and concluded this year’s offerings with a look into the Icelandic occult world by Dr. Guðrún Björk Guðsteinsdóttir. She gave the curious a look at elves, ghosts, and trolls from a cultural and literary perspective. Of the former, I sometimes feel like I’m one of the Huldufólk. One slide presented describes how people can tell if one visited the elf world. “You can tell by their love of ‘beauty, art and writing’ and by their wistful look as if having gazed into a disappearing world.” I had days where I’m in that zone. When asleep, my Astral form visits that realm.

Elves hail from a Germanic culture and their appreciation for the arts is especially well known in many a fantasy product. I could resume academic studies to examine the lore. Some material is available online, but more is gained by hearing an educator talk about them than from the Internet. Academic libraries help, but unless you are a student or alumni, I can not borrow them to read off campus.

This program offers more than the flights of fantasy. It reminds Icelanders living abroad about life back home and how it has influenced popular culture. Because of this recent series of lectures, I realize why I love Guillermo del Toro’s Trollhunters and Cressida Cowell / DreamWorks How to Train Your Dragon so much. The seeds which inspired both series hail from this region. When considering the final film to HTTYD is “The Hidden World,” respect to the traditions is made.

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